 | |||||||
|
Title: The DOE Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Abstract: Interest in nanoscience- and derivative nanotechnologies- has grown explosively because of the perceived potential to beneficially impact almost every aspect of our lives. The remarkable scientific discoveries obtained by working at the molecular length scale will disappoint humankind if they cannot be exploited by integration into technologies providing unprecedented functionality and performance. To bridge the gap between nanoscience discovery and technology, we must answer the intrinsic science questions of integration. The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) is a Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences nanoscale science research center operated as a national user facility by Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories. Through its Core Facility (Albuquerque, NM) and Gateway to Los Alamos Facility (Los Alamos, NM), CINT provides access to tools and expertise to establish the scientific principles that govern the design, performance, and integration of nanostructured materials into the micro- and macro worlds. In addition to advanced experimental and computational capabilities, we have scientific expertise in four thrusts areas: Nanophotonics & Optical Nanomaterials; Nanoscale Electronics and Mechanics; Soft, Biological & Composite Nanomaterials; and Theory and Simulation of Nanoscale Phenomena. User access is via peer-reviewed technical proposals, for independent or collaborative research, submitted in response to semi-annual Calls for User Proposals. Pre-competitive research that will be published in the open literature can be approved for no-fee access to CINT. Proprietary research may be conducted in accord with Federal regulations for full-cost recovery.
Title: "Green" Nanoelectronic Device Abstract:
Title: The Road to Stockholm- Development of an Entire Field of Research Abstract: I was born in 1941 in New York and was one of two sons from uneducated Italian immigrant parents. After receiving my early education in Long Beach, New York, I attended Columbia University in Manhattan, where I majored in Chemistry and Pharmacy. My graduate education was at the University of Minnesota, where I earned the Ph.D. degree in medical pharmacology with a minor in physiology. My postdoctoral research was at the National Institutes of Health in the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology. As a small child, I had an intense interest in chemistry and biology, having played with many chemistry sets and having dissected many small but dead animals and other creatures. This persistent interest resulted in my studying chemistry and biology in undergraduate and graduate college. My postdoctoral fellowship was conducted in a truly appropriate laboratory at the National Institutes of Health, namely, the Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology. The application of these principles to my education, training and basic research enabled me to become a successful pharmacologist. My training was in cardiovascular pharmacology, physiology and biochemistry, which enabled me to recognize, early on, the biologic importance of nitric oxide, a chemical with profound biologically active properties. My research on nitric oxide began when we found that the drugnitroglycerin, an explosive discovered in the mid 1800's, works pharmacologically as a vasodilator by being metabolized to nitric oxide in arteries. Subsequently, we discovered that our own bodies produce nitric oxide to protect us against a multitude of cardiovascular and other diseases. Nitric oxide functions to lower the blood pressure when elevated, improve blood flow to all organs, increase delivery of blood and oxygen to working muscles, prevent stroke and heart attack, protect against atherosclerosis, diabetes and even erectile dysfunction. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the western world, and this can be avoided because cardiovascular disease is a lifestyle disease. Unhealthy diet, sedentary life style and poor habits such as smoking and eating excessive sweets are causes of cardiovascular disease, all of which can be avoided. All of these bad habits result in a deficiency in nitric oxide production and action, thereby removing the natural mechanism by which our bodies are protected against disease. Healthy diet and moderate aerobic exercise are both well recognized to boost and maintain healthy nitric oxide production and action. The application of nanotechnology to the field of nitric oxide research and therapeutics is in its infancy but well underway. This technology will allow the detection and measurement of small quantities of NO in our bodies, and will permit the delivery of nitric oxide to specific regions of the body to treat a variety of diseases.
Title: Highly Functional Biomass-based Plastics Using Nano-Composite Technologies Abstract: We have developed new polylactic acid (PLA) composites as highly functional biomass-based plastics (bioplastics) to be used in durable products including electronic equipments. While fully preserving its environment-friendly properties (biomass-based component and safety), we have improved PLA's practicability, and also added values to it by endowing it with desirable new properties by using nano-composite technologies. A highly heat-resistant PLA composite with 90% biomass ratio by using biomass-based additives such as natural kenaf fiber was developed and used in the housings of mobile phones and lightings. We have successfully achieved flame retardancy of the composite by using a heat-absorbing metal hydroxide to expand the use such as personal computers, etc. Furthermore, we have developed new functional PLA composites to create new application using bioplastics. A PLA composite that combines shape memory and recyclability performed by thermo-reversibly cross-linking PLA has opened up possibilities for wearable electronic equipments. Also, a highly heat-conductive PLA composite with cross-linked carbon fiber can solve heat-release issues caused with the latest mobile electronic equipments with thin and small sizes. To improve the durability of these bioplastics, we have fundamentally developed a new functional nano-filler: nano-sized particles with three layers (high modulus core, elastic middle layer and surface layer with high affinity for PLA) to greatly increase the toughness of PLA by adding the filler.
Title: Abstract:  Jo-Won Lee Title: Overview of Nanotechnology in Korea Abstract: Back in July 2001, the Government made an ambitious ten-year master plan to nurture NT, which was an initial step to keep up with the global trend in favor of the next-generation technology. The plan was revised to cope with technical trends late 2005 and breaks down into two stages until. The Government will focus on the selected areas based on the national competitiveness and interest among nanodevices, nanomaterials, nano-processing/tools and nano-bio. The Government executes the plan to obtain at least 30 world top class NT products by promoting transfer of nanotechnology for commercial purposes through government funded projects at universities and government laboratories and to possess 20% share of the world's NT products revenue by 2015. I will present several on-going national NT programs and future NT plan in Korea
Title: The Network for Computational Nanotechnology: Looking Ahead Abstract: The Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN) is an initiative funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation to accelerate the evolution of nanoscience to nanotechnology through cyber-enabled pioneering research. A major goal is to lower barriers to the use of simulations in emerging fields of study - thereby fostering collaborations between experimentalists and computational experts and promoting the use of simulation in education. Towards that goal, the NCN created nanoHUB.org, where users log on, access state-of-the-art software, run interactive simulations, and view the results online, with no need to download, install, support, and maintain software. A powerful open-source software development platform, (rappture.org) makes it easy for developers to create and deploy new codes. The underlying technology platform, HUBzero, now powers eight different "hubs" and is being readied for an open-source release (see HUBzero.org). In addition to online simulation, nanoHUB has also become a major resource for education in nanotechnology by hosting online seminars, tutorials, and courses Over 90,000 people (60% outside the U.S.) make use of nanoHUB services each year, and the number is growing rapidly. This talk will summarize how cyberinfrastructure is changing research and education, and it will identify challenges that need to be addressed to achieve truly global impact.
Karlheinz Meier Title: Very Large Scale Neuromorphic Circuits - Achievements, Challenges and Hopes Abstract: The methodologies for design, simulation, construction and operation of very large scale neuromorphic circuits in hardware differ considerably from those known in conventional IT systems. Special challenges exist in many areas like interconnection technologies, the realization of distributed long and short term memory, the implementation of adaptation and plasticity mechanisms in electronic circuits, the mapping from biological databases into hardware systems and an efficient exploitation of the inherent fault tolerance when implementing neural circuits in deep-submicron technologies. In the talk we present projects currently carried out in Europe with some emphasis on the FACETS project where a system based on wafer scale integration with 50 Million plastic synapses and up to 200.000 adaptive-exponential spiking neurons per wafer is now coming into operation. The status of that system as well as possible roadmaps for future developments aiming at the emulation of a substantial fraction of a mammalian brain will be discussed. Jeff Morris | |||||||
